Picture Of Skin Cancer Biography
Source(google.com.pk)Even if you have carefully practiced sun safety all summer, it's important to continue being vigilant about your skin in fall, winter, and beyond. Throughout the year, you should examine your skin head to toe once a month, looking for any suspicious lesions. Self-exams can help you identify potential skin cancers early, when they can almost always be completely cured.
First, for a successful self-exam, you obviously need to know what you're looking for. As a general rule, to spot either melanomas or non-melanoma skin cancers (such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma), take note of any new moles or growths, and any existing growths that begin to grow or change significantly in any other way. Lesions that change, itch, bleed, or don't heal are also alarm signals.
It is so vital to catch melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, early that physicians have developed two specific strategies for early recognition of the disease: the ABCDEs and the Ugly Duckling sign.
Do You Know Your ABCDEs?
The first signs can appear in one or more atypical moles. That's why it's so important to get to know your skin very well and to recognize any changes in the moles on your body. Look for the ABCDE signs of melanoma, and if you see one or more, make an appointment with a physician immediately.
Even if you have carefully practiced sun safety all summer, it's important to continue being vigilant about your skin in fall, winter, and beyond. Throughout the year, you should examine your skin head-to-toe once a month, looking for any suspicious lesions. Self-exams can help you identify potential skin cancers early, when they can almost always be completely cured.
First, for a successful self-exam, you obviously need to know what you're looking for. As a general rule, to spot either melanomas or non-melanoma skin cancers (such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma), take note of any new moles or growths, and any existing growths that begin to grow or change significantly in any other way. Lesions that change, itch, bleed, or don't heal are also alarm signals.
It is so vital to catch melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, early that physicians have developed two specific strategies for early recognition of the disease: the ABCDEs and the Ugly Duckling sign.
The incidence of invasive melanoma (MM) has been rising for several decades;1 currently it is the sixth most common cancer in both males and females.2 The key to preventing deaths due to MM remains detecting the disease early, at a stage when surgical excision of the tumor is still curative. One clinical clue to diagnosis is the "ugly duckling" sign — a useful indicator for MM screening with implications for health care workers and the lay public alike. Given certain limitations of the established ABCDE acronym for early melanoma recognition, we suggest a new, broader way of thinking about the ugly duckling concept and its place in MM detection.
The ABCDEs — What It Can and Can't Do
The ABCD acronym, introduced in 1985 and expanded to ABCDE in 2004, represents an analytical method for the evaluation of melanocytic lesions that clinicians and the general public can utilize to help detect MM early.3 Melanoma often manifests some or all of the ABCDE features, namely asymmetry (A), border irregularity (B), color variability (C), diameter greater than 6 mm (D), and evolution or change (E).4 However, clinicians diagnosing potential skin cancers face the challenge of trying to distinguish MM from many other clinically atypical nevi, which also often display some or all of the ABCDE criteria. In addition, relying solely on the ABCDE approach may result in overlooking MMs that are smaller than 6 mm in diameter or lack the ABCDE criteria.5 The relatively low sensitivity of clinical diagnosis of MM even among dermatologists6 underscores the not inconsequential risk of missing the disease and highlights the need for improved strategies to enhance recognition.
The Advent of the Ugly Duckling Concept
In 1998, Grob, et al7 introduced the ugly duckling concept — the observation that nevi in the same individual tend to resemble one another, and that MM often deviates from this nevus pattern. This clinical realization pointed to the importance of not just evaluating the morphology of the lesion in question, but also comparing it to that of surrounding lesions, looking for an outlier in the background of similar-appearing moles. For example, the outlier lesion can be larger and darker than the surrounding moles (Figure 1A), or conversely, small and red in the background of multiple large dark moles (Figure 1B). Finally, if the patient has few or no other moles (Figure 1C), any changing lesion should be considered a suspicious outlier.
representation of 3 Ugly Duckling mole types
Three different clinical scenarios are shown where outlier lesions ("ugly ducklings") should prompt suspicion. Squares A, B, and C each represent a body area such as the back. In A, the patient has one dominant mole pattern with slight variation in size. The outlier lesion is clearly darker and larger than all other moles. In B, the patient has two predominant nevus patterns, one with larger nevi and one with small, darker nevi. The outlier lesion is small but lacks pigmentation. In C, the patient shows only one lesion on the back. If this lesion is changing, symptomatic, or deemed atypical, it should be removed.
The clinician utilizing the ugly duckling sign is engaged in a process called differential recognition. Gachon, et al8 described the three principle mental processes for image recognition: overall pattern recognition, known as gestalt; analytic criteria recognition such as the ABCDEs; and differential recognition — recognizing the differences between objects — i.e., the ugly duckling concept. In their study, Gachon, et al surveyed dermatologists for perception parameters that prompted surgical removal of pigmented lesions. Differential recognition of the ugly duckling sign was more discriminatory between MM and other nevi than the ABCDE criteria.8
Dermoscopic Proof
The premise underlying the ugly duckling sign is that the patient's "normal" moles resemble each other, like siblings.7 We refer to this premise as "moles breed true." Our team tested this concept on dermoscopic images of nevi. The aim was to investigate whether physicians evaluating dermoscopic images would identify common patterns of nevi within individual patients.9 Images of 205 nevi from 18 patients were evaluated for global dermoscopic pattern. Indeed, 83 percent of patients harbored a dominant global dermoscopic pattern, defined as a pattern occurring in more than 40 percent of their nevi. Most of these patients had 1-2 additional minor patterns, defined as occurring in 20-39 percent of nevi. Thus, in most patients, 80 percent or more of their nevi could be grouped into one, two, or three patterns. Similarly, Hofmann- Wellenhof, et al10 examined 829 nevi on 23 individuals for global dermoscopic pattern. Fifty two percent of the patients displayed a dominant dermoscopic pattern in their nevi.
The Generally Apparent Outlier
However, for the ugly duckling to be a useful screening method, a melanoma would have to be apparent as an outlier, perceived by different observers as distinct from the patient's other moles. To this end, we studied whether the ugly duckling is generally apparent to different observers.11 We showed participants12 clinical overview images of the backs of patients with multiple atypical moles. Five of the images also displayed a MM on the back. The images were evaluated by 34 participants who ranged in expertise from pigmented lesion experts to non-clinical staff members (e.g., research engineers). A generally apparent ugly duckling was defined as a lesion perceived as different by at least two thirds of the participants.
Remarkably, in this virtual setting, all five MMs and only three of 140 other nevi (2.1 percent) were generally apparent as different to the observers. The sensitivity of the ugly duckling sign for MM detection was 0.9 for the whole group of participants, and as high as 0.85 for the non-clinicians. These relatively high sensitivity values for the ugly duckling sign suggest that it should be further assessed in the setting of MM screening by primary health care providers and even for patient self-examination.
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Picture Of Skin Cancer Skin Cancer Skin Cancer Pictures Moles Symptoms Sings On Face Spots On Nose Photos Types Pics Wallpapers Pics
Picture Of Skin Cancer Skin Cancer Skin Cancer Pictures Moles Symptoms Sings On Face Spots On Nose Photos Types Pics Wallpapers Pics
Picture Of Skin Cancer Skin Cancer Skin Cancer Pictures Moles Symptoms Sings On Face Spots On Nose Photos Types Pics Wallpapers Pics
Picture Of Skin Cancer Skin Cancer Skin Cancer Pictures Moles Symptoms Sings On Face Spots On Nose Photos Types Pics Wallpapers Pics
Picture Of Skin Cancer Skin Cancer Skin Cancer Pictures Moles Symptoms Sings On Face Spots On Nose Photos Types Pics Wallpapers Pics
Picture Of Skin Cancer Skin Cancer Skin Cancer Pictures Moles Symptoms Sings On Face Spots On Nose Photos Types Pics Wallpapers Pics
Picture Of Skin Cancer Skin Cancer Skin Cancer Pictures Moles Symptoms Sings On Face Spots On Nose Photos Types Pics Wallpapers Pics
Picture Of Skin Cancer Skin Cancer Skin Cancer Pictures Moles Symptoms Sings On Face Spots On Nose Photos Types Pics Wallpapers Pics
Picture Of Skin Cancer Skin Cancer Skin Cancer Pictures Moles Symptoms Sings On Face Spots On Nose Photos Types Pics Wallpapers Pics
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